Axel Scherer and colleagues describe a class of modulator design

Michael Hochberg, Thomas Baehr-Jones, Guangxi Wang, and Jingqing Huang, Phil Sullivan, Larry Dalton, and Axel Scherer (2007) Towards a millivolt optical modulator with nano-slot waveguides. Optics Express, 15 (13): 8401-8410, 20 June 2007. CaltechAUTHORS